In the Jiajia Shengshi, jade articles, no matter from the choice of jade materials, the number of jade, product types, processing techniques, etc., are far from being comparable to any dynasty in history. The types of jade articles commonly found in this period can be divided into characters, beasts, flowers and birds, utensils, and mountains.

1, jade characters

Jade objects require higher materials, generally use fine jade, white jade, white jade, sapphire, jasper, lapis lazuli, coral, turquoise and other high-grade jade materials with fine texture, uniform color and calm and moist, people made with these materials. The color of the face is even and the overall vision is stable, which makes the work have high artistic value and economic value. Crystals such as crystals, hibiscus stones, and wood-to-stones with strong reflections and more lines and textures are not suitable for making characters, and the agate with a pretty color is one of the main jade materials of contemporary jade figures.

Characters can be specifically divided into Buddha statues, immortals, mythical figures, ladies, old people, children, historical figures, modern figures and foreign figures. Character modeling requires attention to the body, pay attention to the character's face, pay attention to the character's demeanor and plot content.

乾隆时期常见的玉器种类

2, jade beast

In general, the materials used in mammals are relatively wide, especially the variegated materials are the most suitable, and what is required to be made in production, especially the different habits of various animals, dynamic and natural, and expressive. Specifically, it can be divided into mythical beasts, such as dragons, phoenixes, unicorns, suzakus, evil spirits, etc.; realistic animals such as chickens, cattle, dogs, horses, etc. His works are single-piece, also in pairs, and more complete sets, such as the mother animal, the eight horses, the twelve zodiac signs.

3, jade pieces of flowers and birds

Jade pieces of flowers and birds can be divided into jade pieces of flowers, jade pieces of birds, jade pieces of insects.

The jade piece of flower material selection and materials are in accordance with the three-dimensional three-sided viewing function of the round carving work and the beautiful and bright characteristics of the flower. The jade materials with full shape, bright and bright color, fine texture and less cracking, such as jade, coral and turquoise, are selected. Agate, jade, etc. The theme of jade pieces of flowers is peony, rose, camellia, morning glory, yarrow, plum, orchid, bamboo, chrysanthemum, etc., and often uses the combination of flowers that are popular with folks, such as the four gentlemen (mei, orchid, bamboo, Chrysanthemum), old friends (song, bamboo, plum), hi on the tip of the plum (plum, magpie). In order to enhance the life of the work, the flowers are often accompanied by birds and grasses.

Jade bird, with the theme of various birds in nature, uses modern realistic techniques to shape and perform art, forming a natural, vivid and fresh style of jade birds. The color of the jade and the colorful agate are used in the materials. Mostly. Birds include phoenixes, cranes, scorpion birds, egrets, peacocks, parrots, golden pheasants, and tits. Many of them show the natural graceful postures of cranes, scorpion birds, and egrets standing upright on branches or between trees. Also known as the "tree tree." Zhang Yun, a famous jade carving master in Beijing, creatively used the hollowing out method to create the bird's "open mouth", "hanging tongue" and "transparent claw". Its unique skill made Zhang Yunhe win the "Bird Zhang" The title.

Jade worms are often used as a foil in jade articles to increase the natural and vivid atmosphere of jade works.

4, jade articles

The jadeware requires uniform material color and shape, and its shape seems simple. In fact, it requires high processing skills, and often combines with special techniques such as pressing wire, thin tire, inner painting, live ring, mother-in-law, lettering and so on. . Jade pieces can be divided into the following types:

(1) Vessels, which are the most common varieties in utensils, can be divided into: traditional utensils, bottles, stoves, scent, dignity, base, halogen, sputum, etc.; practical utensils, such as wine, tea, tableware, smoking, etc. There are cups, bowls, pots, pots, boxes, etc.; animal-shaped utensils, such as sheep statue, duck pot, dragon pot, sheep pot, duck statue, rabbit statue, lion statue, cow statue, phoenix bottle, box, etc.

(2) Study room utensils, such as pen holder, pen wash, pen holder, paperweight, and blank.

(3) Fitness and recreation equipment, such as jade pillow, jade seat cushion, fitness ball, massage stick, jade chess, jade chess and so on.

(4) Musical instruments, such as jade flute and jade.

(5) Weapons, there are jade knives, jade swords, jade and so on.

(6) Vehicles and ships, including antique vehicles, dragon boats, paintings, etc.

(7) Architecture, there are pavilions, terraces, buildings, towers, towers, temples, temples, cities, etc.

The most important variety of utensils is the traditional utensils, which are more antique-style jade utensils and ancient bronzes. The common fancy type of utensils is furnace, bottle and scent. Commonly used furnace shapes include 荸荠 flat furnace, high-grade furnace, pavilion furnace and the like. The shape of the bottle is various, and there are dozens of round belly bottles, Guanyin bottles, shoulder bottles, octagonal bottles, square bottles and gourd bottles. Kaoru is the most representative of Beijing Huaxun. Its body is tall and beautiful. The top and bottom are composed of five parts: top, cover, belly, center pillar and base. Some even reach nine knots. The shape of the utensils is complicated, and only the shape of the accessories has a cover, a top, a bottom, an ear, a girders, a chain, a belly, etc.; the inner scorpion shape has a belly, a cover, and an ankle. Due to the wide variety of utensils, complicated craftsmanship and high art, the requirements for jade materials are very high.

Most of the complicated utensils are made of jade, white jade, sapphire, jade, topaz and other jade materials in which the texture is hard and compact, the color is uniform, the texture is dignified, the purity is flawless, and the jade jade. The utensils have a high appreciation value, so the honing skills require fine and fine. In addition to the uniformity of the tire type and the thickness of the inner wall, the technique of uniform color and small material is excellent. All parts must be taken out from the same piece of jade and used reasonably. The ring, chain, ear and foot of the vessel need to be hollowed out and cannot be broken and broken. Where the abdomen, cover, foot, and internal hemorrhoids need to be smoothed one by one, the mother and the mouth are honed together. The vessel wins with stability, dignity, beauty, and jade. Live rings and chains become a common decorative technique in utensils. The decorative pattern of jade utensils is a icing on the cake, commonly known as the flower, is an important part of the design of the utensils, and is also an inseparable part of the artistic effect of the display. Common patterns include a variety of flowers, characters, geometric lines, cloud thunder, crepe, dragon and phoenix animal prints.

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